• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a cut-off device (1) intended to be connected to an electrical circuit comprising at least one pyrotechnic initiator (3) and a body (11) in which a pressurizing chamber (7) is present, at least a conductive portion (8) of the electricity intended to be connected to the electrical circuit, at least one fuse element (40) connected in parallel to the conductive portion, and a movable breaking element (15) at least partly formed by a an electrically insulating material, the pyrotechnic initiator being configured to pass the cutoff device from a first current flow pattern to a second current cutoff configuration, and said fusible element having a higher pre-arc time the time taken by the cutoff device to go from the first configuration to the second configuration. The invention also relates to a secure electrical system and an electrical installation.
    公开号:FR3051281A1
    申请号:FR1654335
    申请日:2016-05-16
    公开日:2017-11-17
    发明作者:Gilles Gonthier；Frederic Marlin；Palma Jean-Francois De；Remy Ouaida
    申请人:Mersen France SB SAS；Herakles SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an electrical cut-off device and a secure electrical system comprising such a cut-off device.
    A pyrotechnic breaking device makes it possible to ensure reliable breaking of the current if an intensity value is exceeded or when a malfunction occurs in an electrical circuit. These devices can be of reduced size when used in circuits operating at relatively low electrical voltages, for example less than 100 V. When the electrical voltage of the circuits protected by such devices is higher, for example greater than or equal to at 100 V, or even 1000 V, such devices may be subject to the formation of arcing that increase the cut-off time. Various solutions have been proposed to reduce arcing when such devices are used at high voltages.
    A first solution is to increase the length of the electric arc that could be formed in the device. This solution involves increasing the distance between the connectors of the cut-off device or introducing magnets that can deform the arc to lengthen it. Both of these alternatives have the disadvantage of considerably increasing the size of the cut-off device, which is not desirable when it is desired to have relatively compact cut-off devices.
    A second solution is to change the insulating or dielectric medium inside the device, for example by introducing a neutral gas such as dihydrogen. However, the use of hydrogen inside a cutoff device may be difficult to achieve in practice and may reduce the reliability of such a device.
    There is therefore a need to have a small electrical cutoff device, which can be used in an electrical circuit implementing a high voltage and in which the formation of arcing is avoided.
    OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION For this purpose, the present invention proposes, in a first aspect, a cut-off device intended to be connected to an electrical circuit comprising at least one pyrotechnic initiator and a body in which are present: a chamber pressurizing device in communication with an output of said pyrotechnic initiator, - at least one conductive portion of the electricity intended to be connected to the electrical circuit, - at least one fuse element connected in parallel with the conductive portion, said fuse element being configured to be triggered when the intensity of the current passing through it exceeds a predetermined value and said fuse element having a breakdown voltage greater than or equal to 100 V, and - a movable breaking element, the pyrotechnic initiator being configured to pass the cut-off device from a first configuration of current flow to a second configuration current breaking ion, the movable breaking element being set in motion during the passage from the first to the second configuration in order to disconnect said conductive portion, and said fuse element having a pre-arc time greater than the time put by the cutoff device to go from the first configuration to the second configuration.
    When actuated, the pyrotechnic initiator is configured to produce a pressurizing gas to pressurize the pressurizing chamber. The pressurizing gas exerts pressure on the movable cutoff member to move it. The movable breaking element thus set in motion is configured to move the device into the second configuration in which the conductive portion is disconnected, ie in a configuration in which the flow of an electric current in the conductive portion is interrupted. The invention proposes a cut-off device making it possible to rapidly achieve a reliable electrical break in a circuit in case of overcurrent of the electric current and thus to avoid damage to an electrical device powered by said circuit. The conductive portion of the breaking device can be connected to a phase of an electrical circuit, and the pyrotechnic initiator can be activated by a control element configured to actuate the initiator when the intensity of the electric current flowing in the phase of the electrical circuit exceeds the predetermined value, for example during a short circuit.
    During normal operation of the system (i.e., when the breaking device is in the first configuration), the fuse element is conducting, the current flows through the conductive portion and the fuse element. On the other hand, when the intensity of the current flowing through the electrical circuit exceeds the predetermined value, the pyrotechnic initiator, triggered by the control element, switches the breaking device into the second configuration. Since the fuse element is chosen to have a pre-arc time greater than the time taken to disconnect the conductive portion, the fuse element is always on when the breaking device arrives in the second configuration. In this way, the fuse bypasses the cut-off device, avoiding the appearance of an electric arc within the latter. In a second step, the current flowing in the fuse element will melt the latter, which will cause the complete cutoff of the electric current flowing in the circuit. By "pre-arc time" is meant, in a manner known per se, the time that the fuse element has to melt and volatilize when it is traversed by a current of intensity greater than or equal to the predetermined value.
    It should be noted that the invention goes against what is usually sought in the field of fuses. In fact, fuses having a relatively short pre-arc time, that is to say which are triggered rapidly, are generally sought, whereas in the invention a fuse element having a pre-arc time greater than the time taken by the device to go into the second configuration, so that the fuse bypasses the conductive portion after passing through the second configuration and avoids the formation of an electric arc.
    An advantage of the invention is that the formation of an electric arc at the level of the broken conductive portion is avoided, since the current can still flow in the fuse element for a short time before the latter is triggered and does not cut the circuit. In addition, since the fuse element is subjected during this moment to all the intensity flowing in the electrical circuit, its operation is reliable. This advantageously improves the reliability of the power cut performed. This device is particularly suitable for use in systems employing a high electrical voltage, i.e. greater than or equal to 100V, or even 1000V. The fuse element is simply chosen to have a breakdown voltage sufficient to support the high voltage imposed by the circuit before and after the total power failure.
    The solution according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the formation of an electric arc while retaining a device of relatively simple design and of reduced size, insofar as the presence of the fuse element makes it possible to overcome the problem of magnets or increased spacing between connectors.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the movable cut-off element can be configured to move in a cavity present in the body, and the fuse element can be present in a housing present inside the body and distinct from said cavity.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the fuse element may extend along a longitudinal axis of the housing. The term "longitudinal axis of housing", the axis extending along the largest dimension of the housing (i.e. along the length of the housing).
    Such an exemplary embodiment is advantageous in order to keep a cut-off device as compact as possible by making the best use of the space available in the housing for positioning the fuse element, which has a relatively long length in order to be able to hold a voltage at less than 100V. The fuse element may have a length greater than or equal to 50% of the length of the housing, for example greater than or equal to 75% of the length of the housing, or greater than or equal to the length of the housing.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the housing may be filled with a dielectric material in which the fuse element is present and the body may delimit the housing. The dielectric material may for example be a neutral gas such as dihydrogen, or a powdery material such as silica powder.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the housing is disposed around the cavity. The housing can then have an annular shape around the cavity.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the fuse element may have a curved shape, for example helical. In the latter case, the length of the fuse element may be greater than the length of the housing. Alternatively, the fuse element may have a rectilinear shape.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the pressurizing chamber may constitute a first chamber of the cutoff device, at least a portion of the conductive portion being present in a second chamber present in the body, the movable cutoff element separating the first chamber of the second chamber and having at least one relief formed of an electrically insulating material, said at least one relief facing the conductive portion, the movable breaking element being moved towards the conductive portion so as to to break it by impact with the relief when passing from the first to the second configuration. In this case, the previously defined cavity in which the movable member is configured to move may correspond to the meeting of the first and second chambers.
    In the embodiment mentioned in the paragraph above, the disconnection of the conductive portion is effected by breaking thereof by impact with the relief when the device passes from the first to the second configuration. The present invention is however not limited to such an embodiment where there is rupture of the conductive portion during actuation of the initiator.
    Indeed, in another embodiment, the conductive portion may have a first electrically conductive element and a second electrically conductive element and the movable cleavage element may have a third electrically conductive element, the third conductive element providing the electrical connection between the first and second conductive elements when the cut-off device is in the first configuration and the third conductive element being disengaged from at least one of the first and second conductive elements so as to prevent the circulation of an electric current between them when the device is in the second configuration.
    In this case, an electric current can flow between the first conductive element and the second conductive element through the third conductive element when the device is in the first configuration. On the other hand, when the device is in the second configuration, the first and the second conductive elements are no longer electrically connected by the third conductive element. This exemplary embodiment does not involve breaking a conductive portion. This electrical disconnection results from the displacement of a conductive element of the movable breaking element when the device passes from the first configuration to the second configuration.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the fuse element may have a pre-arc time greater than or equal to 2 times the time taken by the cut-off device to go from the first configuration to the second configuration.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the cut-off device may comprise a single conductive portion.
    In a variant, the cut-off device may comprise several conductive portions, a fuse element being connected in parallel to each of the conductive portions, the fuse element being configured to trigger when the intensity of the current flowing through it exceeds the predetermined value, said fuse element having a breakdown voltage greater than or equal to 100 V and a pre-arc time greater than the time taken by the cut-off device to go from the first configuration to the second configuration.
    In this case, the cut-off device may be intended to be connected to a polyphase supply circuit. The multiphase supply circuit may for example be a three-phase circuit or alternatively have two or at least four phases. By "phase of the circuit" is meant, unless otherwise stated, the electrical conductor corresponding to said phase of the electrical circuit. When there are several conductive portions, all the conductive portions are simultaneously disconnected electrically during the passage of the device from the first to the second configuration. This advantageously allows a complete and simultaneous interruption of the current flowing in the circuit.
    What has just been described above with respect to the shape, size, and arrangement of the fuse element also applies to the case where the cut-off device comprises a plurality of fuse elements each being connected to a fuse element. distinct conductive portion.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the fuse element may have a breakdown voltage greater than or equal to 1000 V. The invention also aims, in a second aspect, at a secure electrical system comprising at least: a secure power supply system comprising at least least: a cut-off device such as the one presented above, a supply circuit connected to the cut-off device, each conducting portion being connected to a phase of the supply circuit, and a control element of the electrical system configured to actuating the pyrotechnic initiator when the intensity of the electric current flowing in at least one of the phases exceeds the predetermined value, and - an electrical device connected to said supply system and intended to be powered by the latter.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the control element may further be configured to actuate the initiator when the value of an operating parameter of the electrical device reaches a predetermined value.
    This exemplary embodiment is advantageous in order to achieve a complete cut of the circuit when a malfunction occurs in the electrical device to be powered and not necessarily in terms of overcurrent of the current flowing in the circuit.
    Such an operating parameter may for example be pressure or temperature. Thus, the control element of the electrical device can be configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator when the temperature of the electrical device or the pressure of at least a portion of the electrical device exceeds a predetermined value. The invention finally relates to an installation comprising a secure electrical system such as that presented above.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a section of a first example of a breaking device according to the invention in the first configuration; - FIG. 2 is an exploded view showing different elements constituting the device of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a perspective view. FIG. 4A to 4C illustrate the breaking of the current carried out by the device of FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of an example of an electrical system. 6 is a schematic representation of an alternative secure electrical system according to the invention, FIG. 7 A represents a section of another example of a breaking device according to the invention in the first configuration, - Figure 7B shows a section of the cut-off device of Figure 7A in the second configuration, and - Figure 8 shows in perspective. a part of the device of Figures 7A and 7B.
    Detailed description of the invention
    Figure 1 is a sectional view of an example of cut-off device 1 according to the invention. As will be detailed below, there is, in the example of cut-off device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1, rupture of the conductive portion during the passage of the device 1 from the first to the second configuration. Other arrangements are possible within the scope of the present invention as will be described later. In FIG. 1, the device 1 is in the first configuration, that is to say in a configuration in which an electric current (arrow I) can flow in the phase 10 of the supply circuit, in the conductive portion 8, and in the fuse element 40. In the example illustrated, the supply circuit is single-phase and the cut-off device 1 comprises a single conductive portion 8. However, it is not beyond the scope of the invention when the circuit comprises a plurality of phases and the switching device a plurality of conductive portions, such an embodiment being discussed below.
    The cut-off device 1 comprises a pyrotechnic initiator 3 comprising an ignition device 9 provided with two electrical conductors 5 (only one of these conductors being shown in FIG. 1, the two conductors 5 being visible in FIGS. 2 and 3). The pyrotechnic initiator 3 further comprises a pyrotechnic charge 4. The pyrotechnic charge 4 may be in the form of one or more monolithic blocks. Alternatively, the loading 4 may be in granular form. It is general knowledge of one skilled in the art to choose the nature and the dimensions of the pyrotechnic charge to be implemented for the application of cut-off of the targeted current.
    The device 1 comprises a body 11 inside which a first 7 and a second 12 chambers are present. The body 11 may for example be formed of a thermoplastic or thermosetting material. The pyrotechnic initiator 3 comprises a seal 6 of elastically deformable material bearing on an inner wall 14 of the body 11. The ignition device 9 is, in the illustrated example, housed in the body 11. The body 11 furthermore has two through-channels 11a, each of the conductors 5 extending in a separate channel 11a. The first chamber 7 constitutes a pressurizing chamber and is in communication with an output S of the pyrotechnic initiator 3. The pyrotechnic initiator 3 is configured to pressurize the first chamber 7 when it is actuated. In the illustrated example, the pyrotechnic charge 4 is present in the first chamber 7. However, it is not beyond the scope of the invention when this charge is present outside the first chamber as long as the latter remains in communication with the first chamber. an output of the pyrotechnic initiator.
    A conductive portion of the electricity 8 is present in the second chamber 12 (see FIGS. 1 and 3 in particular). The ends of the conductive portion 8 protrude from the body 11 in the illustrated example.
    This conductive portion 8 is, in the illustrated example, in the form of a tongue. The conductive portion 8 may for example be copper.
    The conductive portion 8 is present on a support 18. The support 18 has, in the illustrated example, a drawer structure intended to be engaged in an opening 22a of the side wall 22 of the body 11. The support 18 defines a relief in Hollow 20 located below the conductive portion 8 when the device 1 is in the first configuration. The support 18 has a groove 19 in which is housed the conductive portion 8. The conductive portion 8 is intended to be connected to a phase 10 of the supply circuit. This connection can for example be performed by welding. The ends of the conductive portion 8 are connected to a phase 10 of the supply circuit.
    The device 1 further comprises a movable cutting element 15 formed of an electrically insulating material, for example polyetheretherketone (PEEK GF40) or polyphenylene sulphide (PPS). The cutoff element 15 sealingly separates the first chamber 7 from the second chamber 12. The cutoff element 15 is located between the first 7 and the second 12 chambers. The cutoff element 15 has at least one relief 17 facing the conductive portion 8. The movable cutoff element 15 is configured to move in a cavity 13 corresponding to the meeting of the first 7 and second 12 chambers. The cutting element 15 has a seal 16 formed of an elastically deformable material which bears on a side wall 22 of the body 11. The side wall 22 surrounds the first 7 and second 12 chambers. The side wall 22 of the body 11 defines an interior volume in which are present the first 7 and second 12 chambers, as well as the fuse element 40. More specifically, in the example shown, the fuse element 40 is present in a housing 27, distinct from the first 7 and second 12 chambers and present inside the body 11. The relief 17 is in the form of a portion of extra thickness. In the illustrated example, the cutoff element 15 has a single relief 17 intended to break the conductive portion 8. The invention is not limited to a particular shape for the distal end 17b of the relief 17 as long as the relief 17 is able to break the conductive portion 8 by impact with the latter. The distal end 17b of the relief 17 may thus for example have a flat shape as illustrated or a pointed or rounded shape. As will be detailed below, the breaking element 15 is configured to move in the cavity 13 along the axis of displacement X following the actuation of the pyrotechnic initiator 3. When the device 1 is in the first configuration, the recessed relief 20, the conductive portion 8 and the relief 17 are superimposed along the axis X.
    A fuse element 40 is present inside the body 11, for example in a separate housing 27 present inside thereof, as illustrated. The housing 27 is here separated from the second chamber 12 in which the conductive portion 8 is located. The housing 27 is thus distinct and separated from the cavity 13 in which the movable breaking element 15 moves. Said cavity 13 is, in this example, separated from the housing 27 by the support 18. In the illustrated example, the cavity 13 in which moves the movable cut-off element 15 is superimposed on the housing 27 along the axis X. The fuse element 40 is connected in parallel to the conductive portion 8 and here constitutes a separate element of the conductive portion 8. The fuse element 40 has a first terminal connected to a first end of the conductive portion 8 by a first connector 40a, and a second terminal connected to a second end of the conductive portion by a second connector 40b. The connectors 40a, 40b may for example be present in channels 18a, 18b provided in the support 18, and which open on the respective ends of the conductive portion 8 so as to connect the conductors 40a, 40b to said ends. In a variant not illustrated, the fuse element 40 may be present inside the second chamber 12 while being connected in parallel to the conductive portion 8. The fuse element 40 may consist of a commercial fuse, as shown in FIG. FIGS. 1 to 3. Such a commercial fuse may comprise, for example, a portion made of a fusible material (or fusible core) present in a dielectric medium contained in an insulating envelope distinct from the body 11. The dielectric medium may for example consist of a silica powder and avoids the formation of electric arc in the fuse element 40 when it is triggered.
    In the example shown, the housing 27 extends along a longitudinal axis Z which is here perpendicular to the axis X. The housing 27 thus has a length L (Figure 1) measured along this longitudinal axis Z. L fusible element 40 extends here along the length L of the housing. The fuse element 40 may have a length LF greater than or equal to 50% of the length L, or even greater than or equal to 75% of the length L or even greater than or equal to the length L.
    In a variant not shown, the housing 27 may be filled with a dielectric material, for example silica powder, in which the fusible element 40 is embedded. In this case, the body 11 acts as the insulating envelope. of the fuse element 40 and the housing 27 is closed by the body 11 in its lower part. The fuse element 40 has a breakdown voltage greater than or equal to 100 V, for example greater than or equal to 1000 V, so that it can withstand the voltage imposed in the circuit before and after the break.
    An example of mounting the various elements of the cut-off device 1 illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 will now be described.
    In a first step, the body 11 is overmolded on the pyrotechnic initiator 3. The cut-off element 15 is then forcefully inserted through the bottom 25. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the cut-off element 15 has a relief positioning device 26, here in the form of a notch, intended to cooperate with a relief present on the inner wall of the body. This cooperation makes it possible to block the cut-off element 15 in rotation and thus to prevent the latter from rotating around the axis X when the first chamber 7 is pressurized by the pyrotechnic initiator 3. The support 18 is then inserted through an opening 22a of the side wall 22 of the body 11 transversely relative to the axis of displacement X. The fuse element 40 can then be connected to the connectors 40a, 40b protruding from the support 18. The breaking device 1 shown in Figure 3 is thus obtained which is ready to be connected to a supply circuit for example by welding phase 10 on the conductive portion 8.
    The breaking of the electric current by the cut-off device 1 of FIG. 1 will now be described in connection with FIGS. 4A to 4C.
    The device 1 is initially in the first configuration in which an electric current (arrow I) can flow in the phase 10, in the conductive portion 8 and in the fuse element 40 which is passing. When the device 1 is in the first configuration, the breaking element 15 is in a first position, said high position. The pyrotechnic initiator 3 is activated when the current exceeds a predetermined value in the circuit to which the device 1 is connected (means enabling activation of the pyrotechnic initiator 3 will be described later in connection with the electrical systems of FIGS. ), it thus makes it possible to pass the device 1 of the first configuration to a second configuration in which the circulation of the electric current in the conductive portion 8 is interrupted (disconnected conductive portion). More precisely, the actuation of the pyrotechnic initiator makes it possible to carry out the combustion of one or more pyrotechnic charges 4 in order to generate a combustion gas (arrows F) which will pressurize the first chamber 7 (see FIG. 4A). This pressurization of the first chamber 7 moves the cut-off element 15 towards the conductive portion 8. The movable cut-off element 15 is configured not to be broken during the pressurization of the first chamber 7 by the pyrotechnic initiator . In the example illustrated, the cut-off element 15 is configured to move without deforming during the passage of the device 1 from the first configuration to the second configuration. The cut-off element 15 is driven in a translation movement along the X axis in the direction of the conductive portion 8 during the transition from the first configuration to the second configuration. In particular, because of the presence of the positioning relief 26, the movement of the cut-off element 15 does not include a component of rotation about the X axis during the passage from the first to the second configuration. Following its displacement, the cutoff element 15 impacts the conductive portion 8 and thus breaks the latter (see FIGS. 4B and 4C). This breaking of the conductive portion 8 into several distinct parts 8a and 8b makes it possible to prevent the flow of electric current in the conductive portion 8. The cut-off element 15 is configured as shown to come and impact the conductive portion 8 transversely, for example perpendicularly, to the direction of flow of the electric current in this portion 8. In the example shown, the relief 17 is housed in the recessed relief 20 of the support 18 when the device 1 is in the second configuration, the relief 17 thus coming in abutment on the bottom of the recessed relief 20.
    When the device reaches the second configuration, the breaking element 15 is in a second position, called the low position, and all the current is immediately diverted towards the fuse element 40 (arrow I, FIGS. 4B and 4C) without causing any electric arc at the conductive portion 8. The fuse element 40 is, in fact, chosen to have a pre-arc time greater than the time taken by the device 1 to pass in the second configuration, that is to say ie to cut the current in the conductive portion 8. In this way, the fuse element 40 is always passing after the disconnection of the conductive portion 8 which prevents a sudden increase in the voltage between the parts 8a and 8b and thus avoids forming an electric arc between said portions 8a and 8b. The fuse element 40 then melts a short time after the passage of the device 1 in the second position, which allows to completely cut the current in the electrical circuit. When the tension is established again between the parts 8a and 8b, the relief 17 of insulating material physically separates said parts 8a and 8b, and the current can no longer circulate.
    The cut-off device 1 may be a commercial IPS-type cut-off device marketed by Herakles in which a commercial fuse bearing the reference Protistor DC fuse 36xl2780A marketed by Mersen is mounted as previously described. The time taken by such a cut-off device to go into the second configuration is of the order of 15ps, the pre-arc fuse time is of the order of 35ps and its breakdown voltage is greater than 1500V. During a test, a fault current of 7000A was imposed on the device exemplified under a voltage of 1000V. The total cut-off time of the observed circuit is of the order of 1ms, the cut did not cause any damage to the electrical system.
    It will be noted that the example which has just been described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4C is intended to be connected to a circuit comprising a single phase (single-phase). It is of course possible to adapt the device 1 to connect to an electrical circuit comprising several phases, for example two, three or four phases, in order to simultaneously cut the current in all phases of the circuit. In this case, it is possible to provide as many conductive portions 8 in the breaking device 1 as there are phases in the electrical circuit, and as many fusible elements 40 each connected in parallel with a conducting portion 8. In this case, the movable cutting element 15 can also be adapted to be able to simultaneously cut several conductive portions 8 present for example in the second chamber 12.
    FIG. 5 shows a first example of a secure electrical system 30 according to the invention. The secure electrical system 30 comprises a secure power supply system 2 connected to an electrical device 31 intended to be powered by this power supply system 2. The power supply system 2 comprises a single-phase power supply circuit comprising an electric generator G and a phase 10 connected to this generator G. The generator G may for example be an alternator. The generator G can be connected to a heat engine such as an internal combustion engine or a turbojet engine. Alternatively, the generator G may be part of an installation such as a power plant producing an alternating current. In this example, the cut-off device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 and very schematically represented in FIG. 5 is connected to the phase 10 as detailed above. The cut-off device 1 is connected in series with the generator G and the electrical device 31. The cut-off device 1 is present between the generator G and the electrical device 31. The generator G is present upstream of the cut-off device 1 and the electrical device 31 is present downstream of the cut-off device 1. The terms "upstream" and "downstream" are here used with reference to the direction of the electric current in the supply circuit (arrow I).
    The supply system 2 further comprises a control element 37 of the electrical system configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator 3 when the intensity of the electric current flowing in the phase 10 exceeds a predetermined value. The control element 37 is connected on the one hand to the phase 10 and on the other hand to the conductors 5 of the pyrotechnic initiator 3. As explained above, when the intensity of the current flowing through the phase 10 exceeds the predetermined value the control element 37 detects it and actuates the pyrotechnic initiator 3 so as to cut off the current in the conductive portion 8 and to deflect it towards the fuse element 40. Then, in a second step, the fuse element 40 will melt to completely shut down the current flowing in phase 10 in a secure manner.
    FIG. 6 represents another example of a secure electrical system 300 according to the invention. In the example of FIG. 6, the electrical circuit comprises three phases 10 (three-phase circuit). The control element 37 may be connected to each of the three phases 10, and be configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator 3 when the intensity of the electric current flowing in at least one of the phases exceeds the predetermined value. The cutoff device 100 may be adapted, in this case, to cut the current flowing in each of the three conductive portions 8 therethrough when the pyrotechnic initiator 3 is actuated. The cut-off device 100 may comprise, in this case, three fusible elements 40, each being connected in parallel with one of the conductive portions 8 corresponding to a phase 10. In a variant that is not illustrated, it is possible to use only a single fuse element 40 connected in parallel to the three conductive portions 8 by means of a decoupling system. It will also be noted that it is possible to adapt the electrical system 30, 300 to a circuit comprising a different number of phases, for example two or four phases.
    In the examples of FIGS. 5 and 6, the control element 37 may further comprise a temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the electrical device 31. As a variant or in combination, the control element 37 may further comprise a pressure sensor configured to measure the pressure of at least a portion of the electrical device 31. Thus, the control element 37 can be configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator 3 when the temperature of the electric device 31 or the pressure of a part of said device 31 exceeds a predetermined value and this to ensure the safety of the electrical system when a malfunction is observed.
    The electrical systems 30 and 300 that have just been described may be present for example in an industrial installation. The example of cut-off device 1 which has been described above (FIGS. 1 to 6) makes a disconnection of the conductive portion by breaking of the latter by the mobile breaking element. It will now be described, with reference to FIGS. 7A, 7B and 8, an example of a breaking device 200 according to the invention in which the disconnection of the conductive portion is carried out in a different manner.
    The cutoff device 200 comprises a hollow body 202 of electrically insulating material, a pyrotechnic initiator 206 and a conductive portion comprising two electrical conductive pads 208, 210 which open into the cavity 204. In this example, the conductive portion thus comprises a first element conductor of electricity (conductive pad 208) and a second electrically conductive element (conductive pad 210). The first 208 and the second 210 electrically conductive elements are offset along the longitudinal axis Y of the hollow body 202 in the illustrated example. The first 208 and the second 210 conductive elements are each disposed at an opposite end of the body 202.
    The cutoff device 200 also comprises a movable cutoff element 212 configured to move along the Y axis in a cavity 204. In the example, the cavity 204, the conductive pads 208, 210 and the cutoff element mobile 212 are cylindrical in shape and centered on the Y axis. The movable cutoff element 212 comprises a first tube portion 214 (third conductive element) made of an electrically conductive material, and a disc 215 obstructing the tube 214 at one end opposite the second conductive pad 210. In the example illustrated, the movable cut-off element 212 is entirely formed of an electrically conductive material. The movable cutting member forms a piston configured to move within cavity 204.
    Each conductive pad 208, 210 has a portion 216, 218 in the form of a tube opening inside the cavity 204. The portions 216, 218 are electrically conductive. The movable cut-off element 212 has dimensions that allow it to be housed at least partly within the portion 216 of the stud 208 and inside the portion 218 of the stud 210. When the device is in the first position, as illustrated in Figure 7A, the movable cutoff element 212, and more specifically the tube portion 214 of the movable cutoff element 212 (third conductive element) is in close contact with the portion 216 of the stud conductor 208 and with the portion 218 of the conductive pad 210, and provides the electrical connection between the conductive pads 208 and 210. This allows the current to flow through the conductive portion of the cutoff device 200. Advantageously, in said first position, the tube 214 is engaged by forced engagement between the portions 216 and 218 of said conductive pads 208, 210 which ensures an excellent electrical connection between said conductive pads 20 8, 210 during the entire period preceding the actuation of the cut-off device 200.
    According to the example, the pyrotechnic initiator 206 comprises a pyrotechnic gas generator, known per se, installed in the hollow body 202 so as to communicate with the cavity 204. A pressurizing chamber 220 is defined between the pyrotechnic initiator 206 and the movable cut-off element 212. In the example, the chamber 220 is delimited by the tube 214 and the disc 215 of the movable cut-off element 212. The pyrotechnic initiator 206 is housed in a support 222 in one insulating material of electricity. The support 222 is here essentially cylindrical and housed in a volume delimited by the conductive pad 208. The support 222 comprises a cylindrical guiding portion 223 delimiting a portion of the pressurizing chamber 220. The guiding portion 223 of the support 222 is also in contact with the tube 214 of the movable cut-off element 212 and ensures the guiding of the mobile cut-off element 212 inside the cavity 204 along the Y axis as it moves. In the initial position illustrated in FIG. 7A, the mobile breaking element 212 is blocked by the support 222 in the direction of the pyrotechnic initiator 206. In the initial position, the guiding portion 223 also makes it possible to maintain the tube 214 of the movable cutoff element 212 in tight contact with the portions 216 and 218 of the conductive pads 208 and 210. In the initial position, the pressurizing chamber 220 is reduced to its minimum volume.
    In the example of FIGS. 7A, 7B and 8, the cut-off device 200 further comprises a fuse element 240 present in a housing 224 provided in the hollow body 202. The housing 224 here is distinct from the cavity 204 in which moves The housing 224 is, in this example, located outside the cavity 204. The housing 224 here has an annular shape and is arranged all around the cavity 204. In the illustrated example , the housing 224 is delimited radially (with respect to the axis Y) inside by an insulating tube 226 made of an electrically insulating material, the tube 226 being in contact with the portions 216, 218 of the conductive pads 208, 210, and radially outside by the hollow body 202. In this way, the housing 224 is separated from the cavity 204 by the insulating tube 226. In the example shown, the housing 224 is delimited at its longitudinal ends by each Conductive pads 208 and 21 0. The fuse element 240 is connected, for example by welding, on the one hand to the conductive pad 208, and on the other hand to the conductive pad 210, so that the fuse element 240 is connected in parallel to the conductive portion of the breaking device 200. The fuse element 240 extends generally along the longitudinal axis of the housing 224 (Figure 8), the longitudinal axis of the housing corresponds in the example shown in the Y axis. In other words, the two ends 240a, 240b of the fuse element 240 are offset along the longitudinal axis of the housing 224.
    The housing 224 may be filled with a dielectric material in which the fusible element 240 may be embedded, the dielectric material may for example be silica powder. In this case, the insulating jacket of the fuse element 240 is formed by the body 202 and the insulating tube 226, and the fuse element 240 may consist of a fusible core. This arrangement makes it possible to optimize the space requirement in the device 200 and to obtain a compact device. In a variant not illustrated, the fuse element 240 may be a commercial fuse present in the housing 224 and having its own insulating envelope. Whatever the fuse element 240 used, the length of the fuse element 240 may be greater than or equal to 50% of the length L, or even greater than or equal to 75% of the length L, or even greater than or equal to the length In the illustrated example, the fuse element 240 has a curved shape and has a length greater than the length L of the housing 224. In this case, the fuse element 240 may have the shape of a helical curve, as this can be seen in FIG. 8. By having a fuse element 240 which can wind around the cavity 204, the fuse element 240 can have a considerable length giving it a very good resistance when subjected to a high electrical voltage, without increasing the size of the cut-off device.
    In the example illustrated, the outside diameter of the guide portion 223 of the support 222 is substantially equal to the inside diameter of the tube 214 of the movable cutoff element 212, the outside diameter of the tube 214 is substantially equal to the inside diameter of the portions. 216, 218 of the conductive pads 208, 210, and the outer diameter of the portions 216, 218 of the conductive pads 208, 210 is substantially equal to the inside diameter of the insulating tube 226.
    The operation of a cut-off device 200 integrated into an electrical system 30 such as that illustrated in FIG. 5 is similar to that of the cut-off device 1 described above. The conductive pads 208, 210 can be connected to the phase 10 of the electrical system 30 in the same manner as for the cut-off device 1. The control element 37 can be connected to the pyrotechnic initiator 206 via connectors 228 provided in the device 200, so that when the intensity of the current (arrow I) exceeds a predetermined value in the phase 10, the control element 37 actuates the pyrotechnic initiator 206. Upon actuation of the pyrotechnic initiator 206, the movable cutoff element 212 moves to a second position in the cavity (FIG. 7B), following the pressurization of the pressurizing chamber 220. In this second position, the tube 214 of FIG. the movable breaking element 212 is disengaged from the conductive pad 208, this makes it possible to prevent the electrical connection between the two conductive pads 208, 210, to interrupt the flow of current through the tube 214 (third conductive element) and deflect all the current to the fuse element 240. Then, the fuse element 240 melts and completes the total breaking of the current in the circuit securely.
    In the illustrated example, when the device 200 is in the second cut-off configuration (that illustrated in FIG. 7B), the tube 214 is separated from the conductive pad 208 and is in contact only with the conductive pad 210. However, not within the scope of the invention if the tube 214 was in contact neither with the conductive pad 208 nor with the conductive pad 210 when the device is in the second configuration. The assembly of a cutoff device 200 as illustrated in FIGS. 7A, 7B and 8 will now be briefly described. In a first step, the insulating tube 226 is positioned around the movable breaking element 212. The support 222 in which the pyrotechnic actuator and its connectors 228 have already been integrated is then inserted inside the element. mobile cutoff 212, and more precisely inside the tube 214. Then the conductive pads 208 and 210 are inserted on either side, and possibly welded to the movable cutoff element 212 to ensure points of electrical contact between these elements, and prevent the displacement of the movable breaking element 212 in the cavity 204 before the activation of the device 200. In a second step, the fuse element 240 is positioned in its housing 224 and is connected to each of its ends 240a, 240b respectively at the first 208 and the second 210 conductive pad, for example by welding. In a last time, the hollow body 202 is attached to the assembly already assembled previously, and the housing 224 is filled with a dielectric material, for example silica, via a hole 230 which can be provided in the body 202. The hole 230 can also be used to remove the connectors 228 from the pyrotechnic initiator 206. Of course, when the fuse element 240 is a commercial fuse, it is not necessary to fill the cavity with a dielectric material, the commercial fuse already having its own dielectric material contained in an insulating envelope.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Cut-off device (1; 100; 200) intended to be connected to an electrical circuit comprising at least one pyrotechnic initiator (3; 206) and a body (11; 202) in which are present: pressure (7; 220) in communication with an output (S) of said pyrotechnic initiator, - at least one conductive portion (8; 208, 210) of electricity to be connected to the electrical circuit, - at least one fusible element ( 40; 240) connected in parallel with the conductive portion, said fuse element being configured to trip when the intensity of the current flowing through it exceeds a predetermined value and said fuse element having a breakdown voltage greater than or equal to 100 V, and a movable cut-off element (15; 212), the pyrotechnic initiator being configured to switch the cut-off device from a first current-passing configuration to a second cutoff configuration of the current, the movable breaking element being set in motion during the passage from the first to the second configuration in order to disconnect said conductive portion, and said fuse element having a pre-arc time greater than the time taken by the breaking device to go from the first configuration to the second configuration.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Cutoff device (1; 200) according to claim 1, wherein the movable cutoff element (15; 212) is configured to move in a cavity (13; 204) present in the body (11; 202). the fusible element (40; 240) being present in a housing (27; 224) present within the body and distinct from said cavity.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Disconnection device (1; 200) according to claim 2, wherein the fuse element (40; 240) extends along a longitudinal axis (Z; Y) of the housing.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Cutoff device (200) according to any one of claims 2 and 3, wherein the housing (224) is disposed around the cavity (204).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Cutoff device (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fuse element (240) has a curved shape.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Cutoff device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pressurizing chamber (7) is a first chamber of the cutoff device, at least a portion of the conductive portion being present in a second chamber (12) has in the body (11), the movable breaking element (15) separating the first chamber from the second chamber and having at least one relief (17) formed of an electrically insulating material , said at least one relief facing the conductive portion (8), the movable cut-off element (15) being moved towards the conductive portion (8) in order to break it by impact with the relief during the passage of the first to the second configuration.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    The cutoff device (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the conductive portion has a first electrically conductive element (208) and a second electrically conductive element (210) and in which wherein the movable cutoff element (212) has a third electrically conductive element (214), the third conductive element (214) providing the electrical connection between the first (208) and the second (210) conductive elements when the cutoff device is in the first configuration and the third conductive element (214) being disengaged from at least one of the first (208) and second (210) conductive elements so as to prevent the flow of an electric current between them when the device is in the second configuration.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Cutoff device (1; 100; 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fuse element (40; 240) has a pre-arc time greater than or equal to 2 times the time set by the cut-off device to go from the first configuration to the second configuration.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Disconnection device (1; 100; 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fuse element (40; 240) has a breakdown voltage greater than or equal to 1000 V.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Secure electrical system (30; 300) comprising at least: - a secure power supply system (2) comprising at least: - a cut-off device (1; 100; 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 a supply circuit connected to the breaking device, each conductive portion (8; 208, 210) being connected to a phase (10) of the supply circuit, and - a control element (37) of the configured electrical system. for actuating the pyrotechnic initiator (3; 206) when the intensity of the electric current flowing in at least one of the phases (10) exceeds the predetermined value; and an electrical device (31) connected to said power supply system and intended to be powered by the latter.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Installation comprising at least one system (30; 300) according to claim 10.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3051281B1|2020-06-05|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4385216A|1979-12-12|1983-05-24|Lucien Ferraz & Cie|Circuit breaker devices with a pyrotechnically destructible conductor having a fuse system in parallel|
    US4472704A|1983-08-17|1984-09-18|S&C Electric Company|Pressure-operated switch for a high-voltage interrupting module|
    US20080137253A1|2003-08-08|2008-06-12|George Terry A|Circuit Interruption Device|
    EP2996133A1|2014-09-09|2016-03-16|Herakles|Pyrotechnic circuit breaker having an improved structure for accommodating a bus bar, and assembly method thereof|WO2020260382A1|2019-06-25|2020-12-30|Mersen France Sb Sas|Electric circuit breaker|
    WO2021121439A1|2019-12-16|2021-06-24|西安中熔电气股份有限公司|Excitation fuse integrated with arc-extinguishing melt body|
    US11056306B2|2017-03-17|2021-07-06|Autoliv Asp, Inc.|Pyrotechnic switch with a fuse element|
    WO2022043399A1|2020-08-26|2022-03-03|Mersen France Sb Sas|Apparatus for interrupting an electric current|
    DE102018109824B3|2018-04-24|2019-09-26|Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh|High-voltage switch, high-voltage vehicle electrical system in a motor vehicle and method for operating a high-voltage switch|
    法律状态:
    2017-05-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-11-17| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20171117 |
    2018-05-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-07-27| CD| Change of name or company name|Owner name: ARIANEGROUP SAS, FR Effective date: 20180621 Owner name: MERSEN FRANCE SB SAS, FR Effective date: 20180621 |
    2018-07-27| TQ| Partial transmission of property|Owner name: ARIANEGROUP SAS, FR Effective date: 20180621 Owner name: MERSEN FRANCE SB SAS, FR Effective date: 20180621 |
    2019-05-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-05-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-05-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1654335|2016-05-16|
    FR1654335A|FR3051281B1|2016-05-16|2016-05-16|ELECTRICAL SWITCHING DEVICE AND SECURE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE|FR1654335A| FR3051281B1|2016-05-16|2016-05-16|ELECTRICAL SWITCHING DEVICE AND SECURE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE|
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